ХРАНИТЕЛНО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛСТВО. НОРМАТИВНИ ДОКУМЕНТИ
- Хранително законодателство. Нормативни документи
- Обща характеристика, видове.
а) закони:
≡ Закон за храните – 2003
≡ Закон за стандартизацията – 1999
≡ Закон за защита на потребителите и правилата за търговия – 1999
≡ Закон за здравето – 2004
≡ Закон за ветеринарномедицинската дейност – 1999
б) правилници за прилагане на законите:
в) наредби:
≡ Наредба № 7 за хигиенните изисквания към предприятията, които произвеждат или търгуват с храни, и към условията за производство и търговия с качествени и безопасни храни – 1999;
≡ Наредба № 8 за изискванията към използването на добавките в храните – 2002;
≡ Наредба № 15 за изискванията за използване на ароматични продукти в храните – 2002;
≡ Наредба № 12 за нормите за максимално допустимите количества на тежки метали като замърсители на храни – 2002;
≡ Наредба № 11 за нормите на максимално допустимите количества на микотоксини в храните – 2000;
≡ Наредба № 24 за хиг.изисквания към материалите и предметите, различни от пластмаси, предназначени за контакт с храни – 2001
≡ Наредба № 1
≡ Наредба № 53 за медицинските прегледи на постъпващите и работещите в хранителните,комуналните и здравни заведения – 1995.
- Система за контрол на храните:
НАССР (Hazard Analysis and Control Сritical Point):
а) анализ на хр.опасности при дадена храна, определяне етапите от технол.процес, където могат да се появят тези опасности, и преценка на най-съществения момент за безопасността на храната (критична точка);
б) въвеждане на процедури за наблюдение и контрол на определените опасности и критичните точки;
в) определяне на мерки за корективи на техн.пр-с при установяване на отклонения от нормите в наблюдаваните критични точки; контролиране и оценяване на корективните действия; събиране на информация;
г) периодично анализиране на резултатите от наблюдението и от контролната дейност (НАССР).
- Нормативно-технически документи за суровините,пом.материали, опаковки,етикетиране на храните. Всеки производител води:
а) технологична документация за всяка произвеждана храна, която е част от системата за вътрешен контрол и включва:
≡ определение на произвежданата храна, включващо данни за наименованието, търговската марка, състава и предназначението й;
≡ класификация на храните, когато технол.документация се отнася за храни, произвеждани от едни и същи суровини;
≡ технич.изисквания към влаганите суровини, добавки, подправки и материали, необходими за производството и опаковането на храната;
≡ здравно-хигиенни и качествени показатели и норми – органолептични, физико-химични, токсикологични, микробиологични и микологични, на които трябва да отговаря готовата храна;
≡ методи за вземане на проби от храната за лабораторен анализ;
≡ описание на техн.процес (произв.етапи и процеси, фактори и условия);
≡ начин на опаковане, етикетиране и маркировка на готовата храна;
≡ специфични условия за съхранение и транспорт, и срок на трайност;
≡ описание и ред за осъществяване на производсвен контрол:
= входящ контрол на постъпващите в обекта суровини и материали;
= технол.контрол на произв.етапи и процеси с критично значение за осигуряване безопасността на произвежданата храна;
= изходящ контрол на гот.храна за съответствие й с показателите;
≡ документация, придружаваща всяка произведена партида храна.
б) регистър на технологичните документации за произвежданите храни по образец.
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