ХРАНИТЕЛНО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛСТВО. НОРМАТИВНИ ДОКУМЕНТИ

  • Хранително законодателство. Нормативни документи

 

  • Обща характеристика, видове.

а)   закони:

≡    Закон за храните – 2003

≡    Закон за стандартизацията – 1999

≡    Закон за защита на потребителите и правилата за търговия – 1999

≡    Закон за здравето – 2004

≡    Закон за ветеринарномедицинската дейност – 1999

б)   правилници за прилагане на законите:

в)   наредби:

≡    Наредба № 7 за хигиенните изисквания към предприятията, които произвеждат или търгуват с храни, и към условията за производство и търговия с качествени и безопасни храни – 1999;

≡    Наредба № 8 за изискванията към използването на добавките в храните – 2002;

≡    Наредба № 15 за изискванията за използване на ароматични продукти в храните – 2002;

≡    Наредба № 12 за нормите за максимално допустимите количества на тежки метали като замърсители на храни – 2002;

≡    Наредба № 11 за нормите на максимално допустимите количества на микотоксини в храните – 2000;

≡    Наредба № 24 за хиг.изисквания към материалите и предметите, различни от пластмаси, предназначени за контакт с храни – 2001

≡    Наредба № 1

≡    Наредба № 53 за медицинските прегледи на постъпващите и работещите в хранителните,комуналните и здравни заведения – 1995.

  • Система за контрол на храните:

НАССР (Hazard Analysis and Control Сritical Point):

а)   анализ на хр.опасности при дадена храна, определяне етапите от технол.процес, където могат да се появят тези опасности, и преценка на най-съществения момент за безопасността на храната (критична точка);

б)   въвеждане на процедури за наблюдение и контрол на определените опасности и критичните точки;

в)   определяне на мерки за корективи на техн.пр-с при установяване на отклонения от нормите в наблюдаваните критични точки; контролиране и оценяване на корективните действия; събиране на информация;

г)   периодично анализиране на резултатите от наблюдението и от контролната дейност (НАССР).

  • Нормативно-технически документи за суровините,пом.материали, опаковки,етикетиране на храните. Всеки производител води:

а)   технологична документация за всяка произвеждана храна, която е част от системата за вътрешен контрол и включва:

≡    определение на произвежданата храна, включващо данни за наименованието, търговската марка, състава и предназначението й;

≡    класификация на храните, когато технол.документация се отнася за храни, произвеждани от едни и същи суровини;

≡    технич.изисквания към влаганите суровини, добавки, подправки и материали, необходими за производството и опаковането на храната;

≡    здравно-хигиенни и качествени показатели и норми – органолептични, физико-химични, токсикологични, микробиологични и микологични, на които трябва да отговаря готовата храна;

≡    методи за вземане на проби от храната за лабораторен анализ;

≡    описание на техн.процес (произв.етапи и процеси, фактори и условия);

≡    начин на опаковане, етикетиране и маркировка на готовата храна;

≡    специфични условия за съхранение и транспорт, и срок на трайност;

≡    описание и ред за осъществяване на производсвен контрол:

=    входящ контрол на постъпващите в обекта суровини и материали;

=    технол.контрол на произв.етапи и процеси с критично значение за осигуряване безопасността на произвежданата храна;

=    изходящ контрол на гот.храна за съответствие й с показателите;

≡    документация, придружаваща всяка произведена партида храна.

б)   регистър на технологичните документации за произвежданите храни по образец.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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