ПРОМЕНИ НА ВИТАМИНИТЕ ПРИ КУЛИНАРНА ОБРАБОТКА

Промени на витамините при кулинарна обработка

            Промени на вит. С – фактори, които влияят за рзграждането на витамин С

     –      метални йони – при варене на зеленчуици в метални съдове вит. С се разгражда до 70%

–       рН на средата- при варене  в кисела среда (доматено пюре, лимонов сок и др) вит. С се запазва по-добре.

–      скорбялата, захарозата и други Вит. и някои аминокиселини, оказват стабилизиращо действие.

–       влияние на скоростта на кипене и на нагряване- например при варене на картофи поставени в студена вода Вит.С се разгражда 35% , а в кипяща 7 %,. При варене на пара загубите на Вит.С са по малки –напр. спанак варен на пара загубите са 8-12%, а във вода 70%. При пържене на зеленчуци Вит.С се запазва добре, тъй-като мазнината обвива зеленчука и го предпазва от окислението на кислорода.

Трябва зеленчуците да се варят, като се поставят в гореща вода, при тихо кипене, не по- дълго от необходимото.

  • Промени на вит. А и каротин – каротините са мастноразтворими оранжево – червени пигменти, устойчеви при съхранение и топлинна обработка (моркови, кайсии, зеленчуци)

 

  • Промени на витамините от групата на В комплекс- (основно чрез брашното, субпродукти, като черен дроб, месо и др)

Витамин В намалява при :

  • размразяване на месото до 11%
  • промиване на зърнените продукти с вода (ориз до 30%)
  • при варене , пържене и печене –от 30 до 70%.

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