ЗАБОЛЯВАНИЯ ОТ НЕПРАВИЛНО ХРАНЕНЕ

  • Заболявания от неправилно хранене.  Хранителни алергии.

 

  • Заболявания от неправилно хранене:

а)   болести от недохранване

б)   болести от частично недохранване

–     недостатъчно приемане на БЕЛ – квашиоркор

–     недостиг на ВИТ и МИН:

–     алиментарни анемии (недостиг на Fe, фолиева киселина, вит.В12);

–     ендемична гуша (недостиг на йод);

–     ксерофталмия (недостиг на вит.А, завършващ с ослепяване);

–     скорбут (недостиг на вит.С);

–     бери-бери (недостиг на вит.В1);

–     пелагра (недостиг на вит. РР);

в)   болести от прехранване – затлъстяване

г)    дисбалансирано хранене

д)   заболявания от неправилен режим на хранене

 

Оценка на телесната маса и рисковете от затлъстяване

ИТМ Преценка

на телесната маса

Здравен риск за сърдечни инфаркти и мозъчни инсулти
18,5 – 24,9 Нормална Нормален
25,0 – 29,9 Напълняване Леко повишен
30,0 – 34,9 Затлъстяване І степен Умерен
35,0 – 39,5 Затлъстяване ІІ степен Голям
40 и повече Затлъстяване ІІІ степен Много голям

 

  • Хранителни алергии:

а)   представляват – повишена чувствителност на организма под влияние на фактори, наречени алергени

б)   условия за възникване на алергични реакции:

–     наследствена предразположеност;

–     нарушения на храносмилателните процеси (мембранно храносмилане);

–     недоразвита ензимна активност при децата;

–     възпалителни заболявания на червата;

–     поемане на голямо количество от конкретен продукт;

–     недостатъчна топлинна обработка (мляко, яйца);

–     времето за приемане (едно и също количество продукт за 5 мин.предизвиква алергична реакция, за 45-50 мин.–не)

в)   профилактика на хранителните алергии:

–     в менюто за деня не се включват ненормално големи количества от един продукт;

–     в рамките на седмицата не се повтарят менютата, съдържащи големи количества от един и същ продукт;

–     избягват се силните подправки.

г)   непоносимост към продуктите – причини (по А.М.Ногалер):

–     заболявания на храносмилателната система;

–     недостатъчност или липса на на някой ензим;

–     хранителни алергии;

–     психогенни причини.

 

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