ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ НА ПАРЕНО ТЕСТО

парено тесто – пареното тесто има жилава консистенция. То съдържа значително количество вода и яйца. Изделията от парено тесто се отличават с голямата си кухина във вътрешността, която се запълва с различни по вид пълнежи. Друго характерно качество на тези изделия е свойството им да набухват благодарение на голямото количество яйца.
Брашното за парено тесто трябва да съдържа от 28 до 36% силен глутен.
– продуктов набор – при приготвянето на парено тесто се използва брашно, сол, вода или мляко, а допълнителни – захар, мазнина, яйца, подправки (портокалови или лимонови кори, ванилия, ром, стафиди, орехови или бадемови ядки и други.).
– етапи на приготвяне
– замесване – пареното тесто се приготвя в две фази:
– първа фаза – запарване на брашното.
– втора фаза – замесване на запарената маса с яйца.
Запарената маса се приготвя, като водата, мазнината и солта се смесват и се загряват до кипене. Към кипналата течност се прибавя брашното и се бърка в продължение на 10–15 мин, докато се попарят всички частици и се получи еднородна маса, без бучки. При запарването скорбялата на брашното клейстеризира и образува клей, който свързва голямо количество вода. Температурата на запарената маса е 80–85°С а влажността и 38–39%.
Обработването на тестото с яйца се извършва веднага, без то да се оставя за охлаждане. Яйцата се прибавят последователно, за да се поемат по-добре.
Пареното тесто трябва да бъде еднородно и без бучки. Благодарение на влагата, която се съдържа в яйцата, влажността му се повишава до 53%. Температурата на готовото тесто е около 40 °С. Готовото тесто се шприцова със сладкарски пош, а операцията се нарича д р е с и р а н е.
– изпичане – формуваните изделия се изпичат в силно затоплена фурна при температура 220°С за около 20 мин. При изпичането на тестото бързо се образува горна корица. Голямо количество влага, която се изпарява и не може да излезе на повърхността, раздува тестото, вследствие на което във вътрешността му се образува празнина. В тестото влагата се преразпределя между белтъчините и скорбялата. Особено интезивно това протича в температурните граници 60–70°С. През първите 10 мин, от печенето капакът на пекарната камера не трябва да се отваря, за да не се прекъсне процесът на набухване на изделието.
– качествени показатели – готовността на полуфабрикатите се определя по светлокафявия цвят и по наличието на пукнатини по повърхността и. От парено тесто се приготвят еклери, пасти „Лилия”. Някои от изделията може да се пържат – тулумбички, пържени топки (бине суфле) и други.
– тестото за пържене има по – голяма гъстота, която се дължи на влагането на по – малко яйца. Този вид тесто има жилава консистенция. То съдържа значително количество вода и яйца. Името на това тесто идва от факта, че част от продуктите, с които се прави се варят преди печенето. То се приготвя много лесно, но изисква много и усилено бъркане.
При печенето този тип тесто бухва много, а вътрешността му остава куха. Там обикновено се слагат и пълнежите.
Много е важно да спазвате съвсем точно пропорцията и количеството на продуктите, времето за печене и варене. Най-известния десерт с парено или варено тесто са еклерите. Брашното при пареното тесто трябва да сьдьржа от 28-36% силен глутен. Пареното тесто трябва да бьде еднородно и да няма бучки.
– видове – от парено тесто се приготвят: десерти, които се пържат в маслена баня (толумбички, бине суфле) и се заливат със сироп /крем; или се пекат на фурна (еклери, профитроли, блатове за торта) при 200-220 С. Като изстинат, се срязват и се пълнят с крем.

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